Meditation is constant observation of the self. It is a mental discipline by which one attempts to get beyond the reflexive, "thinking" mind into a deeper state of relaxation. It helps one to become calm from external distractions and influences.
Meditation techniques can help one develop mindfulness, concentration, tranquility and insight. It gives the ability to halt the incessant chatter and focus the mind. When the waves of the lake are stilled you can see the bottom clearly.
Brihadaranyaka Upanishad refers to meditation and states that "having becoming calm and concentrated, one perceives the self within oneself".
Patanjali is his Yoga Sutra recommended "meditation" as a part of the spiritual practices (sadhana) that leads to samadhi, or blissful inner peace. (Yoga Sutra -seventh of the eight paths of Raja Yoga - 2nd century BCE).
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